Tag: U.S. in Indo-Pacific

As part of the major economic and diplomatic meetings this month, the U.S. State Department prepared a long-awaited summary of its relations with the nations of the IndoPacific region.  Today’s excerpt examines national security issues, and America’s ties with the regional economy.

ENHANCING ECONOMIC PROSPERITY

Market-based economic systems, private sector finance, and open investment environments have driven the Indo-Pacific region’s prosperity. In the developing world, the private sector supplies nine of ten jobs, and foreign direct investment exceeds development assistance by a factor of five to one. State-directed financing, by contrast, is more limited and often comes with strings attached.

The United States believes that the role of government is to enable free enterprise while protecting individual rights and empowering people. We respect the sovereignty of every nation, and our economic engagement seeks to equip states to resist coercive economic practices, unsustainable debt burdens, and other dangers. We do this by improving market access and competitiveness, facilitating business-to-business ties, and promoting free, fair, and reciprocal trade.

 At the inaugural Indo-Pacific Business Forum in July 2018, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, Secretary of Commerce Wilbur Ross, Secretary of Energy Rick Perry, U.S. Agency for International Development Administrator Mark Green, and other senior U.S. officials launched new initiatives to catalyze private sector investment in Indo-Pacific infrastructure, energy markets, and the digital economy. To date, support has included $2.9 billion through the Department of State and USAID for the economic pillar of the Indo-Pacific strategy since the beginning of the Trump Administration, and hundreds of millions more through other agencies, including the U.S. Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) and the Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC)

The U.S. government is deploying new and innovative mechanisms to improve market access and level the playing field for U.S. businesses. The U.S. International Development Finance Corporation (DFC), created by the Better Utilization of Investments Leading to Development (BUILD) Act in 2018, will be at the forefront of this effort with $60 billion in development financing to attract more private sector investment into emerging markets USAID is another major contributor to business environment development, with longstanding programs to improve regulatory and economic practices. USAID is expanding programs focused on Indo-Pacific trade and competitiveness to help reduce barriers to market entry, strengthen regulatory capacity, improve private sector competitiveness, and increase trade.

We are also continuing efforts to promote free, fair, and reciprocal trade. In October 2019, the United States and Japan signed the U.S.-Japan Trade Agreement and the U.S.-Japan Digital Trade Agreement. Under the U.S.-Japan Trade Agreement, Japan will eliminate or reduce tariffs on approximately $7.2 billion in U.S. agricultural exports. Once this agreement is implemented, over 90 percent of U.S. agricultural imports into Japan will be duty free or receive preferential tariff access. The U.S.-Japan Digital Trade Agreement includes high-standard provisions that ensure data can be transferred across borders without restrictions, guarantee consumer privacy protections, promote adherence to common principles for addressing cybersecurity challenges, and support effective use of encryption technologies. The agreement will boost the already approximately $40 billion worth of digital trade between the United States and Japan.

INFRASTRUCTURE

The United States supports the development of infrastructure in the Indo-Pacific region that is physically secure, financially viable, economically sustainable, and socially responsible. This is the sort of infrastructure that we and our partners have fostered in the region for 70 years. Through foreign assistance, diplomacy, and international finance institutions such as the World Bank and ADB, we have been facilitating infrastructure projects across the Indo-Pacific for decades. We have promoted investment, innovation, market-based growth, and transparent policies that have helped spur economic growth, while also underwriting regional security.

DIGITAL ECONOMY

The internet and digital economy have spurred tremendous economic growth and improved living standards around the world. The Indo-Pacific is home to some of the most connected and technologically sophisticated economies on the planet. One major challenge over the next decade will be to maintain open and interoperable cross-border data flows while protecting the digital economy from cybersecurity threats. Online data will be massively expanded by growth in “internet of things” devices, while fifth-generation “5G” telecommunications will empower new critical infrastructure, including autonomous vehicles and smart electricity grids.

To meet the challenges of a digitally connected world, the United States promotes an open, interoperable, secure, and reliable internet. We urge all countries to take a risk-based approach to evaluating technology vendors, including those that might be subject to control by or the undue influence of foreign powers.

CHAMPIONING GOOD GOVERNANCE

Americans believe in the vision of a world of open societies and free markets. We believe in fundamental freedom of conscience, religion, speech, and assembly. Our foreign policy is predicated on the belief that the world would be safer and more prosperous if all people were free to achieve their greatest potential within pluralistic systems governed by equal treatment under the law.

To address governance challenges across the Indo-Pacific region, U.S. programs empower the region’s citizens and civil societies, combat corruption, and build resilience to foreign influence that threatens nations’ sovereignty. In November 2018, Vice President Pence launched the Indo-Pacific Function and caution of kamagra:- Due to genital disorder a patient is unable to get cost viagra sturdy and proper erection it is termed as erectile dysfunction. It is one of the fastest working medicines that order generic cialis https://www.unica-web.com/archive/2015/english/GA2015-secretary-report.html relax blood vessels and pumps up more blood into the chamber. If, for some reason, your special needs child is being diagnosed and treated tadalafil online india for behavioral disorders. The medication is effective for viagra sildenafil mastercard https://unica-web.com/ENGLISH/2014/obituary-for-stanislaw-puls.html up to 6 hours, depending on your health. Transparency Initiative, which focuses on anti-corruption, fiscal transparency, democracy assistance, youth development, media freedom, and protecting fundamental freedoms and human rights. Our efforts under the Transparency Initiative involve over 200 programs totaling more than $600 million since the beginning of the Trump Administration.

At the November 2019 East Asia Summit, the United States is announcing $68 million, including for a major new regional governance program in the Pacific Islands and free and fair elections in Burma. Other Transparency Initiative programs have helped the government of Indonesia improve responsiveness to public complaints, assisted indigenous people displaced by a Chinese-Cambodian hydropower dam, supported public outreach by the Sri Lankan parliament through establishing a new, state of-the-art media center, and strengthened civil society contributions to legislation in Nepal. The United States is developing partnerships in governance priorities with Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Taiwan, and others.

The People’s Republic of China (PRC) practices repression at home and abroad. Beijing is intolerant of dissent, aggressively controls media and civil society, and brutally suppresses ethnic and religious minorities. Such practices, which Beijing exports to other countries through its political and economic influence, undermine the conditions that have promoted stability and prosperity in the Indo-Pacific for decades.

We have called on the PRC publicly to halt its brutal repression of Uighurs, ethnic Kazakhs, Kyrgyz and members of other Muslim minority groups in Xinjiang. We urge that the selection of religious leaders by the Tibetan community be free of interference by the Chinese Communist Party. With respect to Hong Kong, we have cautioned Beijing that it must uphold its commitments to maintaining Hong Kong’s autonomy and civil liberties under the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration. We believe that freedom of expression and peaceful assembly must be vigorously protected in Hong Kong and across the Indo-Pacific region.

ENSURING PEACE AND SECURITY

The United States seeks to build a flexible, resilient network of like-minded security partners to address common challenges. We share information and build the capacity of security sector forces to respond to transnational crime, protect the maritime domain, address environmental challenges, and response collectively to emerging threats. We also ensure that the U.S. military and its allies maintain interoperable capabilities to deter adversaries.

Our enduring commitment to the Indo-Pacific is demonstrated daily by our presence in the region with approximately 375,000 U.S. military and civilian personnel assigned to the U.S. Indo-Pacific Command (USINDOPACOM) area of responsibility.

We are continuing to strengthen this forward presence. President Trump and Singapore’s Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong signed an update to the 1990 memorandum of understanding (MOU) regarding U.S. use of facilities in Singapore. This agreement allows continued U.S. military access to Singapore’s air and naval bases and provides logistic support for transiting personnel, aircraft and vessels. It also extends the original MOU by 15 years.

An important focus within the Indo-Pacific strategy is expanding security sector and law enforcement capacity to counter transnational crime. This includes illicit trafficking; terrorism and violent extremism; cybercrime; illegal, unregulated, and unreported fishing; and other crimes that cross national borders. In August 2019, we expanded our partnerships to counter transnational crime along the Mekong River. We also held the first of a three-part workshop series with ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) to address aviation security and information sharing, building on our long history of cooperation with partners in Southeast Asia to prevent and counter terrorism and violent extremism.

Among the most urgent transnational threats are threats in the cyber domain. The United States is increasing support to our Indo-Pacific partners to defend their networks and counter malicious cyber activities by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea’s (DPRK), the PRC, Russia, and other state and non-state cyber actors that seek to steal money, intellectual property, and other sensitive information. The United States coordinates with like-minded partners such as Australia, India, Japan, and the Republic of Korea to build cyber capacity in the region. Our activities include helping countries develop cyber strategies, policies, and legal frameworks; enhancing incident response and network defense capabilities; improving financial sector cybersecurity to protect IndoPacific economies; countering the use of the internet for terrorists’ purposes; increasing cybersecurity awareness in both the public and private sectors; and promoting rule of law, privacy, internet freedom, and responsible governance frameworks when considering cybersecurity needs.

We are partnering with Singapore to improve cybersecurity and stability in cyberspace in ASEAN member states, including collaborative efforts within the region such as adoption and implementation of regional cyber confidence building measures. The capstone of our ASEAN engagement was the first U.S.-ASEAN Cyber Policy Dialogue in Singapore in October 2019. The United States also works with partners on preventing the spread of nuclear weapons and other dangerous materials. Together, we counter DPRK proliferation activities, enforce United States and UN Security Council sanctions, build strategic trade control frameworks, educate industry on their compliance obligations, and strengthen the enforcement at key land, maritime, and air ports of entry. We build capacity and raise awareness on proliferation activities with governments, shipping companies, shipboard personnel, and facility personnel to ensure the safe and secure flow of legitimate international trade.

To protect the maritime domain, we cooperate with Indo-Pacific partners to maintain freedom of navigation and other lawful uses of the sea so that all nations can access and benefit from the maritime commons. In the South China Sea, we urge all claimants, including the PRC, to resolve disputes peacefully, without coercion, and in accordance with international law. PRC maritime claims in the South China Sea, exemplified by the preposterous “nine-dash line,” are unfounded, unlawful, and unreasonable. These claims, which are without legal, historic, or geographic merit, impose real costs on other countries. Through repeated provocative actions to assert the nine-dash line, Beijing is inhibiting ASEAN members from accessing over $2.5 trillion in recoverable energy reserves, while contributing to instability and the risk of conflict.

Since the beginning of the Trump Administration, we have provided more than $1.1 billion for Department of State and USAID security cooperation in South and Southeast Asia. This includes $356 million for programs such as the Department of State’s Southeast Asia Maritime Security Initiative (SAMSI) and the Bay of Bengal Initiative. These programs provide training and equipment that enables South and Southeast Asian countries to better detect threats, share information, and respond collectively to natural and man-made crises. Over the same period, the Department of Defense’s Maritime Security Initiative and “Section 333” funds provided nearly $250 million for maritime security in the Indo-Pacific region to enhance information sharing, interoperability, and multinational maritime cooperation. We are providing new advisors to enhance maritime security and defense reforms in the Pacific Islands and develop cyber policy and governance frameworks in Mongolia.

Photo: A guided-missile destroyer attached to a destroyer flotilla with the navy under the PLA Southern Theater Command throws jamming bombs to make smoke screen to mask the movement during a maritime training exercise in waters of the South China Sea on August 14, 2019. (eng.chinamil.com.cn/Photo by Li Hongming and Qian Chunyan)

As part of the major economic and diplomatic meetings this month, the U.S. State Department prepared a long-awaited summary of its relations with the nations of the IndoPacific region.  The New York Analysis of Policy and Government presents key excerpts, starting with the State Department’s overall perspective.

In November 2017 in Vietnam, President Trump outlined a vision for a free and open Indo-Pacific in which all countries prosper side by side as sovereign, independent states. That vision, shared with billions of people in more than 35 countries and economies, is based on values that have underpinned peace and prosperity in the Indo-Pacific for generations. Free, fair, and reciprocal trade, open investment environments, good governance, and freedom of the seas are goals shared by all who wish to prosper in a free and open future.

■ The United States remains deeply engaged in the Indo-Pacific region and committed to its prosperity. With $1.9 trillion in two-way trade, our futures are inextricably intertwined. U.S. government agencies, businesses, and institutions are spurring private sector investment and gainful employment in infrastructure, energy, and the digital economy, strengthening civil society and democratic institutions, countering transnational threats, and investing in human capital across the Indo-Pacific.

 ■ The United States, our allies, and our partners are at the forefront of preserving the free and open regional order. All nations have a shared responsibility to uphold the rules and values that underpin a free and open Indo-Pacific. We are increasing the tempo and scope of our work with allies, partners, and regional institutions such as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), the Mekong states, the Pacific Island countries, and our strategic partner India to address shared challenges and advance a shared vision.

■ The United States’ Indo-Pacific strategy is driving a tangible increase in resources devoted to the Indo-Pacific region. Since the start of the Trump Administration, the Department of State and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) have provided the region with over $4.5 billion in foreign assistance. This has been augmented by hundreds of billions more in development financing, investment by U.S. firms, and other sources. We are investing new resources, launching new programs, and building new partnerships to ensure a safe, prosperous, and dynamic future for the region.

In recent decades, the Indo-Pacific has undergone a remarkable transformation. As hundreds of millions of people climbed out of poverty, the region has become home to world-class companies and an important engine of global economic growth. This transformation was possible because a free and open regional order ensured stability and a level playing field on which countries could grow and prosper as sovereign, independent states.

[The United States] is committed to upholding a free and open IndoPacific in which all nations, large and small, are secure in their sovereignty and able to pursue economic growth consistent with international law and principles of fair competition. We will compete vigorously against attempts to limit the autonomy and freedom of choice of Indo-Pacific nations.

Competition, however, is not conflict. Rather, it can prevent conflict and elevate the performance of all. The United States and our partners believe that the best way to prevent conflict is to reinforce the values that supported the Indo-Pacific region’s remarkable progress.

We have a fundamental interest in ensuring that the future of the Indo-Pacific is one of freedom and openness rather than coercion and corruption. The United States is the largest source of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the Indo-Pacific. In 2018, we conducted over $1.9 trillion in two-way trade with the region, supporting more than 3 million jobs in the United States and 5.1 million jobs in the Indo-Pacific. All five of our non-NATO bilateral defense alliances are in the Indo-Pacific. We are also the largest donor of foreign assistance in the region, contributing $2 trillion in constant dollars since the end of World War II.

The U.S. vision for the Indo-Pacific excludes no nation. We do not ask countries to choose between one partner or another. Instead, we ask that they uphold the core principles of the regional order at a time when these principles are under renewed threat.

The United States is strengthening and deepening partnerships with countries that share our values. Our alliances with Australia, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the Philippines, and Thailand have helped sustain peace and security for generations. ASEAN sits at the geographical center of the Indo-Pacific and is central to our vision. Our strategic partnership with India, a fellow democracy of 1.3 billion people that shares our vision for the Indo-Pacific, is reaching new heights. We are joining with the Mekong states, Pacific Island countries, South Asian nations, Taiwan, and many others to face emerging challenges. In September 2019, the first ministerial-level meeting of the United States, Australia, India, and Japan at the Quadrilateral Consultations marked a new milestone for our diplomatic engagement in the region.

MULTILATERAL ENGAGEMENT

 A strong, rules-based architecture anchors the U.S. vision for the Indo-Pacific region. Representing ten countries, 650 million people, and a combined GDP of almost $3 trillion, ASEAN is central to this architecture.  ASEAN is most effective when it speaks with one voice about pressing political and security issues, and it took an important step in this regard with the June 2019 release of its “Outlook on the Indo-Pacific.” We see a clear convergence between the principles enshrined in ASEAN’s Indo-Pacific Outlook— inclusivity, openness, good governance, and respect for international law—and the vision of the United States for a free and open Indo-Pacific, as well as the regional approaches of our allies, partners, and friends. The United States supports ASEAN’s efforts to ensure that all Indo-Pacific countries, regardless of their size, have equal stake in determining the future of the region. U.S. technical assistance strengthens capacity in the energy sector; promotes shared approaches to cybersecurity and digital trade; creates opportunities for small and medium-sized enterprises; and encourages women and youth innovators and entrepreneurs. U.S. programs also support the ASEAN Economic Community by reducing the cost of doing business and streamlining trade, while a new partnership between U.S. and ASEAN cities will help realize smart improvements in transportation and water security.

While ASEAN serves as the backbone of regional political and security discussions, “minilateral” engagements offer nimble ways to coordinate with like-minded partners. Through the Trilateral Strategic Dialogue, the United States has significantly deepened our engagement with Japan and Australia on many issues, including sustainable infrastructure development, maritime security, and counterterrorism. Leaders from the United States, India, and Japan met in November 2018 and June 2019 to promote shared fundamental values such as freedom, democracy, and the rule of law, and to exchange views on pressing security and economic issues. All four countries elevated their Quadrilateral Consultation to the ministerial level in September 2019.

BILATERAL PARTNERSHIPS

The U.S. vision and approach in the Indo-Pacific region aligns closely with Japan’s Free and Open Indo-Pacific concept, India’s Act East Policy, Australia’s Indo-Pacific concept, the Republic of Korea’s New Southern Policy, and Taiwan’s New Southbound Policy.

We are working with Japan to improve energy and infrastructure under the Japan-U.S. Strategic Energy Partnership (JUSEP) and Japan-U.S. Strategic Digital Economy Partnership (JUSDEP) from the Indo-Pacific Being mentally healthy is http://icks.org/n/data/ijks/1482461379_add_file_1.pdf cialis cheap canada very important for us. Website link directories, although canadian sildenafil http://icks.org/n/data/ijks/1482456353_add_file_1.pdf not what they tell you they are. Mast Mood oil is developed using herbal ingredients like Tulsi, Jawadi Kasturi, Jaiphal, Javitri, Dalchini, Ashwagandha, Kapur, Nirgundi, Samudra Phal, Sona Patha, Nirgundi, Dalchini, Javitri, Jawadi, Kapur, Tulsi, Bueylu Oil and Kasturi are the key ingredients of Mast Mood capsules: Abhrak Bhasma, Ras Sindoor, Valvading, female viagra canada Himalcherry, Girji, Sudh Shilajeet, Umbelia, Lauh Bhasma, Embelia Ribes, Adrijatu. There are also other requirements for PTDE courses, for instance the whole course time can comprises sixty six hours (32 in course of study and thirty four hours in behind the wheel apply. viagra sales in india to the east coast of Africa. Our commitment of $29 million for energy development in the Mekong region in support of Asia EDGE (Enhancing Development and Growth through Energy) will further strengthen this partnership, as will the alignment of U.S. investment with the Japanese government’s target of $10 billion in public and private investment and capacity building.

We are working with the Republic of Korea to expand development collaboration across the Indo-Pacific region through a memorandum of understanding signed September 30 between USAID and the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA). A joint statement released with the Republic of Korea in November will build on governance and law enforcement programming, increase water security cooperation in the Mekong region, and deepen the links across our infrastructure finance and cybersecurity agencies to jointly invest in human capital across the region.

We are also strengthening and deepening our relationship with Taiwan. We have repeatedly expressed our concern over Beijing’s actions to bully Taiwan through military maneuvers, economic pressure, constraints on its international space, and poaching of its diplomatic partners. These actions undermine the cross-Strait status quo that has benefitted both sides of the Strait for decades.

Consistent with the Taiwan Relations Act, the United States supports an effective deterrence capability for Taiwan. In 2019, the Trump Administration approved and notified Congress of potential sales of critical defense equipment totaling more than $10 billion Through the American Institute in Taiwan, we worked together to convene hundreds of Indo-Pacific policymakers and experts on issues including public health, women’s empowerment, media disinformation, and the digital economy. We also co-hosted the first-ever Pacific Islands Dialogue in October 2019 to explore areas of cooperation among like-minded partners in the Pacific Islands.

As a major exporter, trader, and investor in Southeast Asia, the United States is committed to engagement with ASEAN member states. ASEAN collectively remains the United States’ fourth largest export market, while Thailand and Singapore are two of the six fastest growing sources of foreign direct investment in the United States. In maritime Southeast Asia, U.S. companies have been selected to participate in the “Build, Build, Build” infrastructure initiative in the Philippines as we deepen our security partnership. The opening of a new U.S. Embassy in Jakarta in early 2019 highlighted our strategic partnership with the world’s third largest democracy and largest Muslim-majority nation, and we remain committed to the sustainable development of Timor-Leste, one of the world’s newest democracies. In Malaysia, the United States has worked locally to support the government’s reform efforts, including with a two-year program launched this year for transparency and accountability reforms. 

In mainland Southeast Asia, we supported Thailand’s chairmanship of ASEAN and continue to deepen our partnership with Vietnam, who will chair ASEAN in 2020. The Mekong region of Cambodia, Laos, Burma, Thailand, and Vietnam is strategically important to the United States. This region is facing new challenges that put autonomy and economic independence at risk, including debt dependency, a spree of dam-building that concentrates control over downstream flows, plans to blast and dredge riverbeds, extraterritorial river patrols, increasing organized crime and trafficking, and a push by some to mold new rules to govern the river in ways that undermine existing institutions.

Over the last 10 years, U.S. government agencies have provided over $3.8 billion in assistance to the countries of the Mekong. This has helped strengthen local human capital to better address transboundary challenges on water security, smart hydropower, energy and infrastructure planning, and education. We are also strong supporters of the Ayeyawady-Chao PhrayaMekong Economic Cooperation Strategy (ACMECS), an inclusive cooperation framework to support the development of this important region.

Our engagement with Pacific Island nations rose to unprecedented levels with President Trump’s historic Oval Office meeting with the three Presidents of the Freely Associated States on May 21, 2019; the Secretary of the Interior’s attendance at the annual Pacific Islands Forum Partners Dialogue in 2018 and 2019; Secretary of Veterans Affairs Robert Wilkie’s attendance at the inauguration of Micronesian President Panuelo in July 2019; and Secretary Pompeo’s historic visit to the Federated States of Micronesia in August 2019.

In September 2019, the United States announced a new $100 million “Pacific Pledge.” This assistance is in addition to the approximately $350 million annually that U.S. agencies invest in projects, assistance, and operations to build a more prosperous future for the people of the region. As part of the Pacific Pledge, USAID plans to provide more than $62 million in new programs over the next year, more than doubling development assistance over prior years. This year, the United States also made an initial grant to the Asian Development Bank’s (ADB’s) Pacific Region Infrastructure Facility (PRIF) to support infrastructure planning in the Pacific Islands. In addition, USAID will expand its staff presence in Fiji, Papua New Guinea (PNG), the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and Palau.

In September 2019, the United States announced a new $100 million “Pacific Pledge.” This assistance is in addition to the approximately $350 million annually that U.S. agencies invest in projects, assistance, and operations to build a more prosperous future for the people of the region. As part of the Pacific Pledge, USAID plans to provide more than $62 million in new programs over the next year, more than doubling development assistance over prior years. This year, the United States also made an initial grant to the Asian Development Bank’s (ADB’s) Pacific Region Infrastructure Facility (PRIF) to support infrastructure planning in the Pacific Islands. In addition, USAID will expand its staff presence in Fiji, Papua New Guinea (PNG), the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and Palau.

The United States is also increasing bilateral engagement with South Asian partners. We are helping Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Maldives equip and train their navies and coast guards to safeguard strategic sea lines of communication, combat human trafficking, prevent illegal fishing, disrupt drug smuggling, and respond to natural disasters. Piracy and thefts have dropped by 70 percent in the Bay of Bengal thanks to the Bangladesh Navy and Coast Guard utilizing boats procured under various U.S. programs as well as U.S. training

We have helped United Nations (UN) peacekeepingcontributing states like Bangladesh and Nepal become more effective by providing equipment, such as the Unmanned Aircraft System we transferred to Bangladesh, and by providing training for these partners’ senior military officers at American professional military education schools. 

The United States is enhancing the counterterrorism capacity of our South Asian partners through hands-on investigative assistance, such as the deployment of FBI investigators to Sri Lanka after the ISIS-inspired terrorist attacks on Easter Sunday, as well as helping to prevent attacks through enhanced border control processes and technology in countries like Bangladesh and Maldives.

Following the Maldives’ election last year that brought to power a reform-oriented leader committed to rebuilding the country’s democratic institutions, we mobilized $23 million in foreign assistance to encourage the country’s anti-corruption, rule of law, and counterterrorism agenda. 

The Report concludes tomorrow.

Illustration: Pixabay