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India, Unacknowledged, Part 2

Despite the optimism, rhetoric, and some shared interest, there are a number of issues that constrain a more rapid pace of Indian-American relations.  Monish Tourangbam, writing for The Diplomat, stressed that:

“The India-U.S. relationship is an intriguing one in the sense that the two countries have never been adversaries, nor have they been brothers in arms. The relationship has seen its ebbs and flows, from strategic divergence during the Cold War to a new-found strategic convergence in what is now being heralded as the time of the Indo-Pacific…India’s decision to buy the Russian made S-400 Triumpf missile defense system despite threats of American sanctions through the Countering America’s Adversaries through Sanctions Act (CAATSA) is yet another case where Washington’s priorities clash, even if unintentionally, with India’s interests. While this tangle might not put any substantial and long term dents into India-U.S. defense ties, it certainly highlights an operational snag that needs to be ironed out through strategic understanding before recurring problems snowball into an avoidable chasm. How the United States perceives threats from countries like Iran and Russia might not align with India’s own perceptions, creating tensions in the relationship over which New Delhi has limited control.”

In a New Republic article, Atman Trivedi  emphasized that “As a recent U.S. ambassador to India acknowledged, the [Indian-American]relationship has been ‘slightly underperforming’ for decades.   Like its predecessors, the Trump Administration appropriately sees India as a linchpin of its free and open Indo-Pacific strategy for Asia and a leading world power.  But the hard reality is that Washington’s expectations don’t always line up with India’s current military, diplomatic, and economic circumstances. Unless the partners can pick up the pace in response to tectonic regional and global power shifts, the grand partnership imagined in the early aughts will fall short.”

The joint interest in containing China’s aggression is a high priority for Washington, but New Delhi appears less vigorous in its pursuit of the goal, even while recognizing the threat.  In a Foreign Policy  analysis, Derek Grossman notes that India’s participation in the “Quad,” a relationship between the U.S., Australia, Japan and India, remains fragile. He reports that “India seemed less enthusiastic about the Quad following the Wuhan summit. In April, Chinese President Xi Jinping invited Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi to Wuhan, China, for an informal summit. Xi’s decision proved to be exceptionally deft diplomacy. Bilateral relations had reached a nadir in 2017 primarily stemming from the months long military standoff at Doklam, which probably hastened India’s decision to re-engage the Quad in the first place. Although the two leaders did not issue a joint statement—underscoring their deep differences—they also agreed to find ways of working together. Australia, the United States, and Japan are all in. But India may be getting cold feet.”
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India may be wary of China’s huge military. As Siddharth Chakraborty writes in the Economic Times,  “China dwarfs India in overall defence capabilities. Its defence budget stands at $152 billion against India’s $51 billion, which is three times that of India.”

Despite that, relations between Beijing and New Delhi will remained strained. A World Finance  analysis notes that “India and China are on course to become the world’s two biggest economies by 2050. In their battle for supremacy, smaller countries like Bangladesh should be wary of becoming pawns in this power struggle…Although China and India are neighbours, they are also economic rivals. China is currently the second-biggest economy in the world, while India is the seventh. By 2050, they are predicted to occupy the top two spots. Territorial issues between the two countries persist in the Aksai Chin and Arunachal Pradesh regions. Although some view India’s growing military and economic strength as a counterbalance to Chinese regional power, Beijing views it as a provocation.”

Illustration: Indian Army

Categories
Quick Analysis

India, Unacknowledged

It is the world’s most populous democracy, an important trading partner, and a key counterweight to China.  Despite all that, there is little discussion or acknowledgement of India’s increasingly vital role in geopolitics.

That may soon change. The Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) reports “The United States and India will engage in the first ‘2+2 Dialogue’ on September 6 in New Delhi… Switching to this new 2+2 format will help both sides ensure that the defense and foreign policy arms of [the] respective governments are acting in greater consonance. America’s nascent ‘Free and Open Indo-Pacific’ construct will have elements of diplomacy and military power. Having a regular minister-level engagement will force both sides to initiate a higher-degree of joint planning than if such a dialogue did not exist. This dialogue should expedite approvals for technology release in the United States, advance joint diplomatic coordination across the region, and reduce opportunities for miscommunications between our defense and foreign ministries that could otherwise slow progress in the relationship. The relatively positive state of our security relationship must be the ballast that sees us through the current tumult in our economic relationship.”

Last October, then-Secretary of State Rex Tillerson, addressing a CSIS gathering, noted that “President Trump and Prime Minister Modi are committed, more than any other leaders before them, to building an ambitious partnership that benefits not only our two great democracies but other sovereign nations working toward greater peace and stability. Prime Minister Modi’s visit in June highlighted the many areas of cooperation that are already underway in this new area of our strategic relationship. Our defense ties are growing. We are coordinating our counterterrorism efforts more than ever before. And earlier this month, a shipment of American crude oil arrived in India, a tangible illustration of our expanding energy cooperation.”

National Review analysis notes that “Trade has transformed U.S.–India relations. Bilateral trade has more than doubled in the last decade from $45 billion in 2006 to more than $114 billion in 2016…However, U.S.–India trade remains far short of its full potential…”
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The two nations share concerns about China’s unfair trade practices. Kenneth Rapoza wrote in Forbes  that “China is dumping products in India…As the trade war goes on unabated, China’s trade practices in India — of selling its oversupply to another country, depressing prices and hurting native manufacturing — stand as a testament to Beijing’s unwavering position on global trade…In India, a government committee said Chinese imports were ‘hitting Indian industry hard and causing unemployment.’…The report also expressed concern about India’s widening trade deficit with China… Just as trade is bringing the United States and India together economically, China’s military actions are bringing them together strategically. Sales of U.S. military equipment to India have gone from zero to $15 billion in ten years. Already, the United States sells India transport and maritime patrol aircraft, anti-ship missiles, and helicopters. But, with the declaration of India as a ‘major defense partner’ in 2016, the administration can offer even more systems for sale, such as drone and fighter aircraft and aircraft-carrier technologies.”

During a visit by Prime Minister Modi to Washington on June 26, 2017, The White House enumerated the growing cooperation between the two nations, which include the U.S. providing India with advanced military technology, joint anti-terrorism efforts, increased trade (Two-way trade in goods and services reached $114 billion in 2016), and significant energy cooperation. Washington and New Delhi are also working together on some space exploration goals, developing Afghanistan’s economy, promoting agricultural advancement, and peacekeeping efforts in Africa.

The Report concludes tomorrow.

Illustration: Pixabay